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Eduardo Hughes Galeano ((:eˈðwarðo ɣaleˈano); 3 September 1940 – 13 April 2015) was a Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist considered, among other things, "global soccer's pre-eminent man of letters" and "a literary giant of the Latin American left". Galeano's best-known works are ''Las venas abiertas de América Latina'' (''Open Veins of Latin America'', 1971) and ''Memoria del fuego'' (''Memory of Fire Trilogy'', 19826). "I'm a writer," the author once said of himself, "obsessed with remembering, with remembering the past of America and above all that of Latin America, intimate land condemned to amnesia." ==Life== Eduardo Germán María Hughes Galeano was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. His two family names were inherited from Welsh and Genoese great-grandfathers; the other two were from Germany and Spain.〔.〕 Galeano wrote under his maternal family name; as young man, he briefly wrote for an Uruguayan socialist publication, ''El Sol'', signing articles as "Gius," "a pseudonym approximating the pronunciation in Spanish of his paternal surname Hughes."〔Simon Romero, "Eduardo Galenao, Uruguayan Voice of Anti-Capitalism, Is Dead at 74," ''New York Times'', 14 April 2015, A17.〕 Galeano's family belonged to the fallen Uruguayan aristocracy; Galeano himself went to work at fourteen, having completed just two years of secondary school.〔 He started his career as a journalist in the early 1960s as editor of ''Marcha'', an influential weekly journal which had such contributors as Mario Vargas Llosa, Mario Benedetti, Manuel Maldonado Denis and Roberto Fernández Retamar. For two years he edited the daily ''Época'' and worked as editor-in-chief of the University Press. In 1962, having divorced, he remarried to Graciela Berro.〔.〕 In 1973, a military coup took power in Uruguay; Galeano was imprisoned and later was forced to flee, going into exile in Argentina where he founded the magazine ''Crisis''.〔Romero, "Eduardo Galeano,"〕 His book ''Open Veins of Latin America'' was banned by the right-wing military government, not only in Uruguay, but also in Chile and Argentina.〔(Fresh Off Worldwide Attention for Joining Obama’s Book Collection, Uruguayan Author Eduardo Galeano Returns with "Mirrors: Stories of Almost Everyone" ).〕 In 1976 he married for the third time to Helena Villagra; however, in the same year, the Videla regime took power in Argentina in a bloody military coup and his name was added to the list of those condemned by the death squads. He fled again, this time to Spain, where he wrote his famous trilogy, ''Memoria del fuego'' (''Memory of Fire''), described as "the most powerful literary indictment of colonialism in the Americas."〔.〕 At the beginning of 1985 Galeano returned to Montevideo when democratization occurred. Following the victory of Tabaré Vázquez and the Broad Front alliance in the 2004 Uruguayan elections marking the first left-wing government in Uruguayan history Galeano wrote a piece for ''The Progressive'' titled "Where the People Voted Against Fear" in which Galeano showed support for the new government and concluded that the Uruguayan populace used "common sense" and were "tired of being cheated" by the traditional Colorado and Blanco parties.〔Eduardo Galeano, ("Where the People Voted Against Fear" ) January 2005 ''The Progressive''〕 Following the creation of TeleSUR, a pan-Latin American television station based in Caracas, Venezuela, in 2005 Galeano along with other left-wing intellectuals such as Tariq Ali and Adolfo Pérez Esquivel joined the network's 36 member advisory committee.〔Alfonso Daniels, ("'Chavez TV' beams into South America" ),''The Guardian'', 26 July 2005.〕 On 10 February 2007, Galeano underwent a successful operation to treat lung cancer.〔(''Eduardo Galeano se recupera de operación'' ) El Universal, 11 February 2007 〕 During an interview with journalist Amy Goodman following Barack Obama's election as President of the United States in November 2008, Galeano said, "The White House will be Barack Obama's house in the time coming, but this White House was built by black slaves. And I’d like, I hope, that he never, never forgets this".〔(Interview with Amy Goodman ) on ''Democracy Now!,'' 5 November 2008 (video, audio, and print transcript)〕 At the 17 April 2009 opening session of the 5th Summit of the Americas held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez gave a copy of Galeano's ''Open Veins of Latin America'' to U.S. President Barack Obama, who was making his first diplomatic visit to the region.〔(The Washington Times )〕 In a May 2009 interview he spoke about his past and recent works, some of which deal with the relationships between freedom and slavery, and democracies and dictatorships: "not only the United States, also some European countries, have spread military dictatorships all over the world. And they feel as if they are able to teach democracy". He also talked about how and why he has changed his writing style, and his recent rise in popularity.〔(Audio and transcript of interview, May 2009 )〕 In April 2014 Galeano gave an interview at the ''II Bienal Brasil do Livro e da Leitura'' in which he regretted some aspects of writing ''Las Venas Abiertas de América Latina'', saying "Time has passed, I've begun to try other things, to bring myself closer to human reality in general and to political economy specifically. 'The Open Veins' tried to be a political economy book, but I simply didn't have the necessary education. I do not regret writing it, but it is a stage that I have since passed."〔(Sounds and Colours )〕 This interview was picked up by many critics of Galeano's work in which they used the statement to reinforce their own criticisms.However, in an interview with Jorge Majfud he said " The book, written ages ago, is still alive and kicking. I am simply honest enough to admit that at this point in my life the old writing style seems rather stodgy, and that it's hard for me to recognize myself in it since I now prefer to be increasingly brief and untrammeled () voices that have been raised against me and against ''The Open Veins of Latin America'' are seriously ill with bad faith." 〔(The Open Veins of Eduardo Galeano, Monthly Review, 11.06.14 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eduardo Galeano」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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